tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79755767519482367212024-02-19T22:59:42.615-08:00algebraalgebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-88949499364900282012013-05-11T00:34:00.002-07:002013-05-11T00:34:25.719-07:00LKS BERBASIS TIK (DERIVE 6)Contoh LKS berbasis TIK dengan menggunakan derive 6, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%09%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/22174364/LKS.docx.html">silahkan lihat di sini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-29582534697680480452013-05-04T01:12:00.003-07:002013-05-11T00:22:41.347-07:00PANDUAN MEMBUAT BLOG DI BLOGSPOTBagi teman-teman yang masih bingung membuat blog di blospot, silahkan <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/22131420/PANDUANMEMBUATBLOG.zip.html">download panduannya di sini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-39130046498416502422012-12-05T19:41:00.002-08:002012-12-05T20:05:02.227-08:00KISI - KISI UN THN 2013Kisi - kisi Ujian Nasional Tahun pelajaran 2012/2013.silahkan<a href="http://www.blogger.com/%09%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/21048338/Kisi-Kisi-SMP-SMASMK-PLB-tahun-2012-2013.pdf.html"> download disini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-89122744109561637232012-11-01T02:26:00.001-07:002012-11-01T02:26:19.763-07:00PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIK SISWA SMP MELALUI PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL PESISIRBagi yang ingin silahkan <a href="http://kadirraea.blogspot.com/">ke alamat ini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-32859627532909906692012-04-21T19:42:00.000-07:002012-04-21T19:42:22.461-07:00MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF(COOPERATIVE LEARNING)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manusia memliki
derajat potensi, latar belakang historis, serta harapan masa depan yang berbeda
– beda. Karena perbedaan itu, manusia dapat saling asah ,asih dan asuh (saling
mencerdaskan ). Pembelajaran kooperatif menciptakan interaksi yang asah ,asih
dan asuh sehingga tercipta masyrakat belajar (learning community). Siswa tidak
hanya belajar dari guru, tetapi juga dari sesama siswa. Sehingga dapat
dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan pembelajaran yang sadar dan
sengaja mengembangkan interaksi yang saling asah, asih, asuh untuk menghindari
ketersinggungan dan kesalahpahaman yang dapat menimbulkan permusuhan sebagai
latihan hidup di masyarakat. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pembelajaran kooperatif adalah</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> salah
satu pembelajaran konstruktivis. Pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan strategi
belajar dengan sejumlah peserta didik sebagai anggota kelompok kecil yang
tingkat kemampuannya berbeda. Dalam menyelesaikan tugas kelompoknya, setiap
peserta didik anggota kelompok harus saling bekerja sama dan saling membantu
untuk memahami pelajaran. Dalam pembelajaran kooperatif, belajar dikatakan
belum selesai jika salah satu teman dalam kelompok belum menguasai bahan
pelajaran. <br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CIRI,PRINSIP DAN UNSUR DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN
KOOPERATIF</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri – ciri Model Pembelajaran
Kooperatif</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri
dari model pembelajaran kooperatif adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap anggota memiliki peran </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terjadi hubungan interaksi langsung
diantara oeserta didik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Setiap anggota kelompok bertanggung
jawab atas belajarnya dan jugateman – teman sekelompoknya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru membantu mengembangkan ketrampilan
– ketrampilan interpersonal kelompok</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru hanya berinteraksi dengan kelompok
saat diperlukan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selain itu,ada tiga konsep sentral yang menjadi
karakteristik model pembelajaran kooperatif, antara lain :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penghargaan
kelompok.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keberhasilan kelompok didasarkan pada penampilan
individu sebagai anggota kelompok dalam menciptakan hubungan antarpersonal yang
saling mendukung, saling membantu, dan saling peduli. Penghargaan kelompok
diperoleh jika kelompok mencapai skor di atas kriteri yang ditentukan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanggungjawaban
individu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertanggungjawaban individu menitikberatkan pada
aktifitas anggota kelompok yang saling membantu dalam belajar. Adanya
pertanggungjawaban secara individu juga menjadikan setiap anggota siap untuk
menghadapi tes dan tugas – tugas lainnya secara mandiri tanpa bantuan teman
sekelompoknya.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesempatan
yang sama untuk mencapai keberhasilan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembelajaran kooperatif yang menggunakan skoring.
Dengan menggunakan metode skoring ini setiap peserta didik baik yang
berprestasi rendah, sedang maupun tinggi sama – sama memperoleh kesempatan
untuk berhasil dan melakukan yang terbaik bagi kelompoknya. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prinsip – prinsip Model Pembelajaran
Kooperatif</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prinsip
– prinsip Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam model pembelajaran kooperatif
peserta didik belajar bersama dalam kelompok – kelompok kecil yang saling
membantu satu sama lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelas disusun dalam kelompok yang
terdiri dari 4 atau 6 orang peserta didik, dengan kemampuan yang heterogen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok yang heterogen bermanfaat untuk
melatih peserta didik menerima perbedaan dan bekerja dengan teman yang berbeda
latar belakangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada model Pembelajaran kooperatif
diajarkan ketrampilan – ketrampilan khusus agar dapat bekerja sama dengan baik
di dalam kelompoknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selama kerja kelompok, tugas anggota
kelompok adalah mencapai ketuntasan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Unsur – unsur dalam Model Pembelajaran
Kooperatif</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Unsur
– unsur dalam Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif adalah para peserta didik yang
harus :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki persepsi bahwa mereka
“tenggelam atau berenang bersama”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki tanggung jawab terhadap peserta
didik atau peserta didik lain dalam kelompoknya,selain tanggung jawab terhadap
diri sendiri dalam mempelajari materi yang dihadapi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berpandangan bahwa mereka memiliki
tujuan yang sama</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membagi tugas danbertanggung jawab
diantara para anggota kelompok</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diberikan satu evaluasi atau penghargaan
yang akan ikut berpengaruh terhadap evaluasi kelompok</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diminta mempertanggungjawabkan secara
indivual materi yangditangani dalam kelompok kooperatif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TUJUAN DAN STRATEGI DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN
KOOPERATIF.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Model Pembelajaran
Kooperatif</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
Model pembelajaran kooperatif berbeda dengan kelompok tradisional yang
menerapkan system kompetisi, dimana keberhasilan individu diorientasikan pada
kegagalan orang lain. Sedangkan tujuan dari pembelajaran kooperatif adalah
menciptakan situasi dimana keberhasilan individu ditentukan atau dipengaruhi
oleh keberhasilan kelompoknya. Ada tiga tujuan pembelajaran kooperatif, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil belajar akademik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam belajar kooperatif meskipun
mencakup beragam tujuan social, juga memperbaiki prestasi peserta didik atau
tugas – tugas akademis lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembelajaran kooperatif dapat member
keuntungan baik pada peserta didik kelompok bawah maupun kelompok atas yang
bekerja sama menyelesaikan tugas – tugas kelompoknya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penerimaan terhadap perbedaan individu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan lain model pembelajaran
kooperatif adalah penerimaan secara luas dari orang – orang yang berbeda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Model Pembelajaran kooperatif memberikan
peluang bagi peserta didik dari berbagai latar belakang dan kondisiuntuk
bekerja dengan saling bergantung pada tugas – tugas akademik dan melalui struktur
penghargaan kooperatif akan belajar saling menghargai satu sama lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengembangan ketrampilan social.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
penting ketiga dari model pembelajaran kooperatif adalah mengajarkan kepada
peserta didik ketrampilan saling bekerja sama dan kolaborasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Strategi Model Pembelajaran
Kooperatif</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Foyle dan Lyman (1988) mengidentifikasi tahap dasar
strategi untuk mencapai keberhasilan dari aktifitas belajar secara
kooperatif,antara lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Isi yang diajarkan diidentifikasi, dan
criteria bahan ditentukan oleh guru</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaatterbesar dari teknik belajar
secara kooperatif adalah identifikasi dari jumlah kelompok ditentukan oleh guru</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para peserta didik ditugaskan dalam
kelompok – kelompok</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ruang kelas ditata untuk fasilitasi
interkasi kelompok</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok yang sedang belajar diajar atau
ditinjau jika dibutuhkan untuk menjamin kelompok dapat berjalan lancer</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru mengembangkan belajar kelompok dan
yakin bahwa peserta didik mengerti tujuan dari belajar. Waktu beraktifitas
dibuat secara jelas untuk peserta didik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan yang dipakai guru sekarang ini
sudah tepat,dapat menggunakan teknik apapun yang dia pilih</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru memonitor interaksi peserta didik
dalam kelompok, dan memberikan bantuan dan klarifikasi jika dibutuhkan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil peserta didik dievaluasi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok diberi hadiah untuk
kesuksesannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">JENIS – JENIS KETRAMPILAN PADA
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jenis
– jenis ketrampilan pada model pembelajaran kooperatif terdiri dari :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketrampilan
Kooperatif Tingkat Awal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggunakan kesepakatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang
dimaksud menggunakan kesepakatan adalah menyamakan pendapat yang berguna untuk
meningkatkan hubungan kerja dalam kelompok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghargai kontribusi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghargai
berarti memperhatikan atau mengenal apa yang dapat dikatakan atau dikerjakan
anggota lain. Hal ini berarti tidak harus selalu setuju dengan anggota lain
dapat saja kritik yang diberikan itu ditujukan terhadap ide dan bukan kepada
individu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengambil giliran dan berbagi tugas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
ini mengandung arti bahwa setiap anggota kelompok bersedia mengemban tugas /
tanggung jawab tertentu dalam kelompok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berada dalam kelompok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masud
disini adalah setiap anggota tetap dalam kelompok kerja selama kegiatan
berlangsung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berada dalam tugas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang
dimaksud berada dalam tugas adalah meneruskan tugas yang menjadi tanggung
jawabnya, agar kegiatan dapat diselesaikan sesuai waktu yang dibutuhkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendorong partisipasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mendorong
partisipasi itu berarti semua anggota kelompok memberikan kontribusiterhadap
tugaskelompok.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengundang orang lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksudnya
adalah meminta orang lain untuk berbicara dan berpartisipasi terhadap tugas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyelesaikan tugas sesuai waktunya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghormati perbedaan individu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghormati
perbedaan individu berarti bersikap menghormati terhadap budaya, suku, rasa tau
pengalaman dari semua peserta didik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketrampinlan
Tingkat menengah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketrampilan tingkat mengah meliputi menunjukkan
penghargaan dan simpati mengungkapkan ketidaksetujuan dengan cara yang dapat
diterima, mendengarkan dengan arif, bertanya, membuat ringkasan, menafsirkan,
mengorganisir, mengurangi ketegangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketrampilan
Tingkat Mahir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketrampilan
tingkat mahir meliputi mengelaborasi, memeriksa dengan cermat, menanyakan
keenaran, menetapkan tujuan, dan berkompromi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">LANGKAH – LANGKAH MODEL
PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF .</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Langkah
– langkah model pembelajaran kooperatif secara umum seperti ditunjukkan dalam
tabel berikut :</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightListAccent5" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Fase</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #4BACC6; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-top: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: background1;">Tingkah Laku Guru</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase 1 : menyampaikan
tujuan dan memotivasi peserta didik.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru menyampaikan semua tujuan
pelajaran yang ingin dicapai pada pelajaran tersebut dan memotivasi peserta
belajar.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-left: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase 2 : menyajikan
informasi</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru menyajikan informasi pada peserta didik
dengan jalan demonstrasi atau lewat bahan bacaan.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase 3 :
mengorganisasikan pesertadidik ke dalam kelompok – kelompok belajar.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru menjelaskan kepada peserta
didik bagaimana caranya membentuk kelompok belajar dan membantu setiap
kelompok agar melakukan transisi secara efesien.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-left: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase 4 : membimbing
kelompok bekerja dan belajar.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru membimbing kelompok – kelompok belajar pada
saat mereka mengerjakan tugas mereka.</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-right: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5 : evaluasi </span></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru mengevaluasi hasil belajar
tentang materi yang telah dipelajari atau masing – masing kelompok
mempresentsekan hasil kerjanya.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-left: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.35pt;" valign="top" width="328">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase 6 : memberikan
penghargaan</span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #4BACC6 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent5; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent5; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 246.4pt;" valign="top" width="329">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru mencari cara – cara untuk menghargai baik upaya
maupun hasil belajar individu dan kelompok.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TIPE MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF
.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beberapa
tipe model pembelajaran kooperatif, antara lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Student Teams Achivement Devision ( STAD
)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jigsaw (tim ahli).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Grup investigasi (investigasi kelompok).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Make – A Match (mencari pasangan).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bertukar pasangan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Two Stay Two Stray (dua tinggal dua
tamu)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Number Heads Together (NHT)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-55427088615010941992012-03-29T23:43:00.000-07:002012-03-29T23:43:14.489-07:00MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG (DIREC INSTRUCTION)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Model Direct Intruction</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Model
Direct Intruction merupakan suatu pendekatan mengajar yang dapat membantu siswa
dalam mempelajari keterampilan dasar dan memperoleh informasi yang dapat
diajarkan selangkah demi selangkah. Pendekatan mengajar ini sering disebut
Model Pengajaran Langsung (Kardi dan Nur,2000a :2). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal
ini sejalan dengan apa yang dikemukakan oleh <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arends (1997:66) bahwa: “The direct
instruction model was specifically designed to promote student learning of
procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge that is well structured and can
be taught in a step-by-step fashion”, yang artinya</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> : “ Model pembelajaran
langsung adalah model pembelajaran yang dirancang khusus untuk menunjang proses
belajar siswa yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan deklaratif dan pengetahuan
prosedural<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang terstruktur dengan baik
yang dapat diajarkan dengan pola kegiatan yang bertahap,selangkah demi
selangkah “. Istilah lain model pengajaran langsung dalam Arends (2001 : 264 )
antara lain <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">training</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">model, active teaching model, mastery
teaching, explicit instruction. </i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri
/ Karakteristik Model Direct Intruction</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri – ciri model pembelajaran lansung menurut Kardi
dan Nur (2000:3) adalah sebagaiberikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya tujuan pembelajaran dan pengaruh
model pada siswa termasuk prosedur penilaian belajar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sintaks atau pola keseluruhan dan alur
kegiatan pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem pengelolaan dan lingkukngan
belajar model yang diperlukan. Dalam hal ini model pembelajaran DI
memperhatikan variabel – variabel lingkungan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">yatu fokus akademik, arahan dan control guru, harapan yang
tinggi untuk kemajuan siswa, waktu dan dampak netral dari pembelajaran.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
/ Langkah – langkah </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Model
Direct Intruction</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada Model Pembelajaran Direct
Instruction terdapat lima fase yang sangat penting. Sintaks Model tersebut
disajikan dalam 5 (lima) tahap, antara lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
1 : Fase Orientasi / Menyampaikan Tujuan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada fase
ini guru memberikan kerangka pelajaran dan orientasi terhadap materi pelajaran.
Kegiatan pada fase ini meliputi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.65pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kegiatan pendahuluan untuk mengetahui
pengetahuan yang relevan dengan pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki siswa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menyampaikan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tujuan pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Member penjelasan atau arahan mengenai
kegiatan yang akan dilakukan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.65pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menginformasikan materi atau konsep yang akan
digunakan dan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan selama pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menginformasikan kerangka pelajaran</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Memotivasi siswa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
2 : Fase Presentasi/Demonstrasi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada fase
ini guru dapat menyajikan materi pelajaran baik berupa konsep atau keterampilan.
Kegiatan ini meliputi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">• Penyajian materi dalam
langkah-langkah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
Pemberian contoh konsep</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
Pemodelan/peragaan keterampilan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">•
Menjelaskan ulang hal yang dianggap sulit atau kurang dimengerti oleh siswa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
3 : Fase Latihan Terbimbing </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam fase ini, guru merencanakan
dan memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa untuk melakukan latihan-latihan awal.
Guru memberikan penguatan terhadap respon siswa yang benar dan mengoreksi yang
salah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
4 : Fase Mengecek Pemahaman Dan Memberikan Umpan Balik</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada fase berikutnya, siswa diberi
kesempatan untuk berlatih konsep dan keterampilan serta menerapkan pengetahuan
atau keterampilan tersebut ke situasi kehidupan nyata. Latihan terbimbing ini
baik juga digunakan guru unruk mengakses kemampuan siswa dalam melakukan tugas,
mengecek apakah siswa telah berhasil melakukan tugas dengan baik atau tidak,
serta memberikan umpan balik. Guru memonitor dan memberikan bimbingan jika
perlu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fase
5 : Fase Latihan Mandiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siswa melakukan kegiatan latihan
secara mandiri, fase ini dapat dilalui siswa dengan baik jika telah menguasai
tahap-tahap pengerjaan tugas 85% - 90% dalam fase latihan terbimbing. Guru
memberikan umpan balik bagi keberhasilan siswa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelebihan Model </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Direct Instruction.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara umum tiap-tiap model
pembelajaran tentu terdapat kelebihan-kelebihan yang membuat model pembelajaran
tersebut lebih baik digunakan dibanding dengan model pembelajaran yang lainnya.
Seperti halnya pada Model Direct Instruction pun mempunyai beberapa kelebihan
yang disajikan sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan
Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction, guru mengendalikan isi materi dan
urutan informasi yang diterima oleh siswa sehingga dapat mempertahankan
fokus mengenai apa yang harus dicapai oleh siswa.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Merupakan cara yang paling efektif untuk mengajarkan konsep
dan keterampilan-keterampilan yang eksplisit kepada siswa yang berprestasi
rendah sekalipun.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model ini dapat digunakan untuk membangun model
pembelajaran dalam bidang studi tertentu. Guru dapat menunjukan bagaimana
suatu permasalahan dapat didekati, bagaimana informasi dianalisis,
bagaimana suatu pengetahuan dihasilkan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction menekankan
kegiatan mendengarkan (melalui ceramah) dan kegiatan mengamati (melalui
demonstrasi), sehingga membantu siswa yang cocok belajar dengan cara-cara
ini.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction (terutama
kegiatan demonstrasi) dapat memberikan tantangan untuk mempertimbangkan
kesenjangan antara teori (hal yang seharusnya) dan observasi (kenyataan
yang terjadi).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model ini dapat diterapkan secara efektif dalam kelas
besar maupun kelas yang kecil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siswa dapat mengetahui tujuan-tujuan pembelajaran
dengan jelas.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Waktu untuk berbagi kegiatan pembelajaran dapat
dikontrol dengan ketat.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam model ini terdapat penekanan pada pencapaian
akademik.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kinerja siswa dapat dipantau secara cermat.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umpan balik bagi siswa berorientasi akademik.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction dapat digunakan
untuk menekankan poin-poin penting atau kesulitan-kesulitan yang mungkin
dihadapi siswa.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction dapat menjadi
cara yang efektif untuk mengajarkan informasi dan pengetahuan factual dan
terstruktur.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekurangan
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Model </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Direct Instruction.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain mempunyai
kelebihan-kelebihan, pada setiap model pembelajaran akan ditemukan
keterbatasan-keterbatasan. Begitu pula dengan Model Pembelajaran Direct
Instruction. Keterbatasan-keterbatasan Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction
adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karena guru memainkan peranan
pusat dalam model ini, maka kesuksesan pembelajaran ini bergantung pada
image guru. Jika guru tidak tampak siap, berpengetahuan, percaya diri,
antusias dan terstruktur, siswa dapat menjadi bosan, teralihkan
perhatiannya, dan pembelajaran akan terhambat.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Model Pembelajaran Direct
Instruction sangat bergantung pada gaya komunikasi guru. Komunikator yang
kurang baik cenderung menjadikan pembelajaran yang kurang baik pula.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika materi yang disampaikan
bersifat kompleks, rinci atau abstrak, Model Pembelajaran Direct
Instruction mungkin tidak dapat memberikan siswa kesempatan yang cukup untuk
memproses dan memahami informasi yang disampaikan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika terlalu sering digunakan
Model Pembelajaran Direct Instruction akan membuat siswa percaya bahwa
guru akan memberitahu siswa semua yang perlu diketahui. Hal ini akan
menghilangkan rasa tanggung jawab mengenai pembelajaran siswa itu sendiri.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Demonstrasi sangat bergantung
pada keterampilan pengamatan siswa. Sayangnya, banyak siswa bukanlah
merupakan pengamat yang baik sehingga dapat melewatkan hal-hal yang
dimaksudkan oleh guru.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-34342479928988082432012-03-18T08:01:00.002-07:002012-03-18T08:01:22.455-07:00Latihan 1 UAN IPSberikut ini latihan - latihan UAN IPS,bagi ingin coba - coba silahkan <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18903718/Latihan1UANIPS.doc.html">DOWNLOAD DISINI</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-62864316527037260982012-03-18T07:59:00.000-07:002012-03-18T07:59:06.616-07:00LATIHAN 2 UAN IPSBagi anak - anak IPS yang ingin melatih kemampuannya dalam menjawab soal - soal UAN,berikut saya postingkan soal latihan berdasarkan kisi - kisi UAN Tahun 2012,yang mau mencoba <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%09%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/18903796/Latihan2UANIPS.doc.html">KLIK di sini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-28979523123363754812012-03-14T22:33:00.001-07:002012-03-14T22:33:27.263-07:00Latihan 2 Ujian Nasional IPA 2012bagi yang ingin asah otak menjelang UAN ni soal latihannya,<a href="http://www.blogger.com/%09%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/18872200/latihan2UjianNasional2012.doc.html">download di sini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-58855921081496526162012-03-14T22:29:00.000-07:002012-03-14T22:29:14.522-07:00LATIHAN I UJIAN NASIONAL IPABagi yang ingin sukes di ujian Nasional berikut saya postingkan soal latihan 1 UAN Program IPA, agar lebih banyak berlatih dalam persiapan UAN,selamat berlatih.SILAHKAN <a href="http://www.blogger.com/%09%20http://www.ziddu.com/download/18872174/Latihan1ujiannasional2012.doc.html">KLIK DISIN</a>I<br />
<br />
<br />algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-14029016642056083272012-03-09T05:04:00.001-08:002012-03-09T05:04:27.105-08:00MASALAH DALAM PENELITIAN<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MASALAH DALAM PENELITIAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang Masalah.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar belakang masalah
merupakan jawaban atas pertanyaan “mengapa masalah itu muncul?” artinya,
masalah itu muncul akibat adanya rentetan masa lalu, yang telah terjadi, dan
yang bakal muncul. Masalah yang diteliti biasanya bersifat ilmiah. Deskripsi
latar belakang masalah ini sering kali menggunakan prinsip membandingkan apa
yang ada pada permasalahan dan fakta yang terjadi. Dapat pula menggunakan
konsep teoritis, isu yang sedang hangat dibicarakan, atau hasil- hasil
penelitian sebelumnya, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">alasan-alasan mengapa peneliti melakukan penelitian.
Hal yang penting dikemukakan ialah </span></div>
<a name='more'></a>adanya kesenjangan antara harapan
(das-solen) dan kenyataan yang tampak di lapangan (das-sein), fakta-fakta atau
hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang mirip dengan<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">penelitian yang
direncanakan</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam
latar belakang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">peneliti
juga dapat memaparkan rangkuman hasil bacaan berupa hasil penelitian, hasil
seminar atau diskusi ilmiah, dan pengalaman peneliti sendiri yang mendukung
topik penelitian. Oleh karena itu, peneliti boleh memunculkan masalah yang
mungkin timbul dari topik sesuai dengan banyaknya variabel yang terkait dengan
topik.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Langkah-langkah dalam menyusun atau menyajikan latar
belakang, antara lain :</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Uraikan mengenai alasan
yang mendorong meneliti masalah tertentu. Jika yang diteliti misalnya
kinerja pegawai, maka utarakan bahwa kinerja pegawai sangat penting bagi
kelangsungan dan perkembangan organisasi, terutama dalam menghadapi iklim
kompetisi yang semakin ketat pada era globalisasi.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Paparkan gejala-gejala
aktual di lokasi penelitian yang menunjukkan menurunnya kinerja pegawai.
Perkuat dengan acuan teoritik yang menunjukkan bahwa gejala-gejala
tersebut merupakan bagian dari kinerja yang buruk atau setidaknya kurang
optimal.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sajikan beberapa faktor
atau variabel yang menurut teori potensial mendorong terjadinya penurunan
kinerja Misalnya : motivasi dan kompensasi kerja. Tunjukkan keterkaitan
faktor-faktor atau variabel-variabel tersebut dengan kinerja.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagai penutup,
ketengahkan tentang keterkaitan dan perlunya meneliti masalah tersebut
(kinerja) ditinjau dari perspektif faktor-faktor atau variabel-variabel
penyebabnya (motivasi dan kompensasi kerja).</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
latar belakang masalah secara tersurat harus jelas substansi permasalahan (akar
permasalahan) yang dikaji dalam penelitian atau hal yang menimbulkan pertanyaan
penelitian, yang akan dilakukan untuk menyiapkan laporan hasil penelitian.
Secara operasional permasalahan penelitian yang dimaksud harus gayut (relevan)
dengan rumusan masalah dan/atau pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan. Pokok isi
uraian latar belakang masalah hendaknya mampu meyakinkan pihak lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Identifikasi Masalah </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Menurut Sumadi
(2009 : 13 – 15 ) ada beberapa hal<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang
dapat menjadi sumber masalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah :<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bacaan ; Terutama laporan hasil penelitian
yang mencantumkan rekomendasi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut, karena tidak
pernah ada penelitian yang tuntas.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Seminar, diskusi, atau penemuan ilmiah lain ;
Dengan mengikuti seminar atau diskusi terdapat kemungkinan munculnya
masalah-masalah yang perlu penggarapan melalui penelitian.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernyataan pemegang otoritas</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pengamatan sepintas ; Perjalanan atau
peninjauan ke suatu tempat dapat menimbulkan ide untuk melakukan penelitian</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pengalaman pribadi ; Pengalaman pribadi
seseorang dapat pula menjadi sumber masalah baik yang berhubungan dengan
kehidupan pribadinya maupun yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan profesinya.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Perasaan intuitif ; Timbul dari konsolidasi
atau pengendapan berbagai informasi pada saat orang sedang istirahat atau
bangun tidur.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sedangkan
menurut Stonner (Sugiono, 2011: 56 - 57) ada empat sumber masalah, yaitu:</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Terdapat
penyimpangan antara pengalaman dan kenyataan</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Terdapat
penyimpangan antara apa yang telah direncanakan dengan kenyataan</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ada
pengaduan. Dalam suatu organisasi sekolah yang tadinya tenang tidak ada
masalah, ternyata setelah ada pihak tertentu yang mengadukan produk maupun
layanan yang diberikan, maka timbul masalah dalam organisasi itu.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ada
kompetisi. Adanya kompetisi dapat menimbulkan masalah besar, bila tidak
dimanfaatkan untuk kerja sama<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pembatasan Masalah.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Menurut Kasim (2000 : 14) pembatasan masalah
dilakukan untuk memberi kejelasan seberapa luas dan mendalam serta segi – segi
apa saja dari masalah itu yang diteliti dan atau dibahas. Pembatasan masalah
juga bias bermanfaat dan memberi petunjuk bagi peneliti serlanjutnya tentang
aspek – aspek tertentu dari suatu masalah yang perlu dikaji atau diteliti lebih
lanjut.</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tiap masalah pada dasarnya kompleks sehingga
tak dapat diteliti segala aspeknya secara tuntas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oleh karena itu, peneliti harus membatasi
ruang lingkup masalahnya. Pembatasan masalah berarti pula penentuan ruang
lingkup bidang penelitian. Penelitian ruang lingkup bidang penelitian akan
memberikan kejelasan bahwa peneliti sesungguhnya hanya meneliti aspek tertentu,
masalah tertentu, dan bidang tertentu dalam penelitiannya. </span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Biasanya, dalam usaha mengidentifikasi atau
menemukan masalah penelitian, ditemukan lebih dari satu masalah. Oleh karena
itu perlu ada pembatasam masalah,yaitu dibatasi pada masalah mana yang paling
layak dan sesuai untuk diteliti. Sumadi (2009 : 16)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mengemukakan bahwa,pertimbangan untuk memilih
atau menentukan suatu masalah layak dan sesuai untuk diteliti di lihat dari dua
segi,yaitu :</span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dari arah masalahnya</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dari arah si calon peneliti.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sugiyono (2011 : 269) mengemukakan bahwa
Karena adanya keterbatasan waktu, biaya, tenaga, teori – teori dan supaya
penelitian dapat dilakukan secara mendalam, maka tidak semua masalah yang telah
diidentifikasi akan diteliti. Untuk itu maka peneliti memberi batasan, dimana
akan dilakukan penelitian, varabel apa saja yang akan diteliti, serta bagaiman
hubungan variabel yang satu dengan variabel yang lain. Berdasarkan batasan
maslah inilah, maka selanjutnya dapat dirumuskan masalah penelitian. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-weight: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan
masalah berbeda dengan masalah. Jika masalah itu merupakan kesenjangan antara
yang diharapkan dengan yang terjadi, maka rumusan masalah itu merupakan suatu
pertanyaan yang akan dicarikan jawabannya melalui pengumpulan data. Walaupun
begitu terdapat kaitan erat antara masalah dan rumusan masalah, karena setiap
rumusan masalah penelitian harus didasarkan pada masalah.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Setelah
masalah diidentifikasi, dipilih dan dibatasi,maka perlu dirumuskan.Perumusan
ini penting,karena hasilnya akan menjadi penuntun bagi langkah – langkah
selanjutnya. Tidak ada aturan umum mengenai cara merumuskan masalah itu, namun
dapat disarankan hal – hal berikut ini :</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Masalah
hendaknya dirumuskan dalam bentuk kalimat tanya, </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rumusan itu hendaklah <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>padat dan jelas, </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">memungkinkan
pengumpulan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang terkandung dalam perumusan
masalah. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Selanjutnya
rumusan masalah ini dijabarkan dalam tujuan penelitian dan diteruskan dengan
pengajuan hipotesis penelitian. Menurut Sugiyono (2011 : 59 – 62) Terdapat
bentuk-bentuk rumusan masalah penelitian, yaitu:</span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan
Masalah Deskriptif. </span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan masalah deskriptif adalah suatu
rumusan masalah yang berkenaan dengan pertanyaan terhadap keberadaan variabel
mandiri baik hanya pada satu variabel atau lebih (variabel yang berdiri
sendiri). Jadi dalam penelitian ini peneliti tidak membuat perbandingan variabel
itu pada sampel yang lain dan mencari hubungan variabel itu dengan variabel
yang lain. Contoh: Seberapa baik <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">kinerja</span></em>
Departemen Pendidikan Nasional?</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan
Masalah Komparatif. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan komparatif adalah rumusan
masalah penelitian yang membandingkan keberadaan satu variabel atau lebih pada
dua atau lebih sampel yang berbeda. Contoh: Adakah perbedaan </span><a href="http://arisandi.com/hakikat-disiplin-dalam-pendidikan/" title="Baca juga Hakikat Disiplin dalam Pendidikan"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">disiplin</span></i></a><em><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> k</span></em><em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">erja guru</span></em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> antara sekolah di Kota dan di Desa? (satu variabel dua sampel)</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan
Masalah Asosiatif. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan masalah asosiatif adalah
rumusan masalah penelitian yang bersifat menanyakan hubungan antara dua variabel
atau lebih. Terdapat tiga bentuk hubungan yaitu: hubungan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">simetris,</span></em> hubungan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">kausal,</span></em> dan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">interaktif</span></em>/<em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">reciprocal</span></em>/timbal balik.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1)
Hubungan simetris yaitu suatu hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih yang
kebetulan munculnya bersama. Jadi bukan hubungan kausan atau interaktif.
Contoh: Adakah hubungan antara <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">jumlah
payung yang terjual</span></em> dengan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">jumlah murid
sekolah</span></em>?</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">2)
Hubungan kausal adalah hubungan yang bersifat sebab akibat. Jadi ada variabel
independen (variabel yang mempengaruhi) dan dependen (dipengaruhi). Contoh:
Seberapa besar pengaruh <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">tata ruang
kelas</span></em> terhadap <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">efisiensi
pembelajaran di SMA? </span></em></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">3) Hubungan
interaktif/resiprocal/timbal balik yaitu hubungan yang saling mempengaruhi. Di
sini tidak diketahui mana variabel independen dan dependen. Contoh: Hubungan
antara </span><a href="http://arisandi.com/fungsi-motivasi/" title="Baca juga Fungsi Motivasi"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">motivasi</span></i></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> dan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">prestasi </span></em></span><a href="http://arisandi.com/pendekatan-mathematics-problem-solving/" title="Baca juga Pendekatan Mathematics Problem Solving"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">belajar</span></i></a><em><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> ana</span></em><em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">k SD</span></em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">di Kecamatan Sami</span></em>. Di
sini dapat dinyatakan motivasi mempengaruhi prestasi tetapi juga prestasi dapat
mempengaruhi motivasi.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan
Masalah Komparatif – Assosiatif</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Rumusan masalah komparatif –
assosiatif adalah rumusan masalah yang menanyakan perbandingan korelasi antara
dua variabel atau lebih pada sampel atau populasi yang berbeda.Contoh : Adakah
perbedaan korelasi kualitas pelayanan dengan nilai penjualan antara Toko A
dengan Toko B?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perumusan masalah dan
pertanyaan penelitian sering dikacaukan. Perumusan masalah dapat dalam bentuk
pertanyaan dan dapat pula dalam bentuk pernyataan. Sebaliknya, pertanyaan
penelitian atau problematika penelitian selalu dalam bentuk pertanyaan atau
pertanyaan- pertanyaan. Titik tekanan <em><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">problem statement </span></em>adalah
apa masalah penelitian itu, sedangkan titik tekan pertanyaan penelitian lebih
teknis sifatnya, yaitu mengacu pada tujuan, asumsi, hipotesis, dan bahkan
instrumen secara sangat spesifik.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dalam rangka merumuskan masalah
penelitian, langkah-langkah yang sepatutnya ditempuh adalah sebagai
berikut:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">mengenali
keberadaan masalah.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">menganalisi
variabel.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">mengidentifikasikan
variabel.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">membuat
rumusan masalah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Penelitian.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
penelitian menggambarkan hasil yang akan dicapai setelah melakukan penelitian,
baik berupa data atau fakta empiris, informasi kualitatif, maupun hasil – hasil
pengujian secara statistik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan penelitian
biasanya dirumuskan atas dasar rumusan masalah atau pertanyaan penelitian.
Misalnya rumusan masalahnya : <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bagaimanakah tingkat disiplin kerja pegawai
di Departemen A?</i></b> maka tujuan penelitiannya adalah : <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ingin
mengetahui seberapa tinggi tingkat disiplin pegawai di Departemen A.</i></b>
Rumusan maslah dan tujuan penelitian ini jawabannya terletak<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada kesimpulam penelitian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">`DAFTAR PUSTAKA </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kasim,
Muhammad. 2000. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Metodologi Penelitian. </i>Kendari</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sugiyono .
2011. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed
Methods)</i>. Bandung.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alfabeta</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumadi, Suryabrata. 2009.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Metodologi Penelitian.</i> Jakarta.
PT.Raja Grafindo Perkasa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-77807058163740922602012-01-21T06:45:00.000-08:002012-01-21T06:45:36.992-08:00BENTUK PANGKAT,AKAR DAN LOGARITMABentuk pangkat,akar dan Logaritma hampir disetiap SKL UAN selalu muncul dan dalam Kisi - kisi UN TP.2011/2012 juga muncul. Postingan kali ini akan membahas tentang hal itu.<br />
<br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>PANGKAT BULAT POSITIF</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apabila a adalah bilangan real dan n merupakan
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>a<sup>n</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a x
a x a x… x a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>} sebanyak n factor</div>
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dengan ;</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>a<sup>n</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disebut bilangan berpangkat dengan pang kat bulat
positif</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>a<sup>n</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dibaca a pangkat n</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disebut bilangan pokok atau basis</div>
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Misalkan a,bЄ R<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan m,n<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>adalah bilangan bulat positif maka ;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>a<sup>m </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>n</sup>
=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>m + n</sup></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>a<sup>m<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>n </sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>m
–n</sup></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>(a<sup>m</sup>)<sup>n</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>mn</sup></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>(a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b)<sup>n</sup> =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a<sup>n</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b<sup>n</sup></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>( a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b )<sup>n</sup> <span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= a<sup>n<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>b<sup>n<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></sup>,b<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>≠<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
Contoh soal :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
PROYEK PERINTIS 1982</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
(4 a<sup>3</sup> )<sup>2</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2 a<sup>2</sup> = ….</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>2a<sup>4</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8a<sup>3</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>E.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2a<sup>3</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>4a<sup>3</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>D.8a</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
Pembahasan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 92.15pt;">
(4a<sup>3</sup>)<sup>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>2a<sup>2</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>16a<sup>6</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2a<sup>2</sup></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 92.15pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8a<sup>6-2</sup></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 92.15pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8a<sup>4</sup></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: right;">
Jawaban:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-35465769851796718552012-01-17T00:20:00.000-08:002012-01-17T00:20:06.573-08:00QUIZ LOGIKA MATEMATIKAMau asah otak dengan matematika soal UAN,Indikator menentukan negasi atau kesetaraan dari pernyataan majemuk atau pernyataan berkuantor,silahkan <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/18268365/LOGIKAMATEMATIKA.zip.html">KLIK DISINI</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-81840578571124794202012-01-05T23:17:00.000-08:002012-01-05T23:19:38.267-08:00PREDIKSI UAN MATEMATIKA SMA PROGRAM IPA DAN IPS TP.2011/2012," LOGIKA MATEMATIKA"<div style="text-align: justify;">
Berikut ini saya coba postingkan prediksi soal UAN Matematika SMA jurusan IPA dan IPS,TP.2011/2012.</div>
<ul>
<li><i><b>Indikator</b></i> : Menentukan penarikan kesimpulan dari beberapa premis.<a name='more'></a></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Indikator soal :</b></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I. diberikan beberapa premis bentuk silogisme yang memuat kesetaraan,siswa dapat Menentukan penarikan kesimpulan dari beberapa premis.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Contoh Soal :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
1. <span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span> Perhatikan premis-premis berikut !</div>
<div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Premis 1 : Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan menjadi rusak.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Premis 2 : Jika tidak rawan terjadi terjadi bencana alam,maka hutan tidak
menjadi rusak.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Kesimpulan dari premis-premis tersebut adalah....</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Terjadi pembalakan liar</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Rawan terjadi bencana alam</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka rawan terjadi bencana
alam.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan tidak jadi
rusak</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika tidak terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan tidak
rusak.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
Pembahasan : </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;">
Soal di atas bentuk silogisme yang premis 2 nya memuat ekuivalen atau kesetaraan,yaitu
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
q → r ≈ ~ r → ~q,sehingga kalimat " Jika tidak rawan terjadi bencana alam,maka hutan tidak menjadi rusak " setara / ekuivalen dengan kalimat " jika menjadi rusak.maka rawan terjadi bencana alam ".Dengan demikian pola dari soal di atas adalah ;
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
p 1 : p → q</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>p 2 : ~ r → ~ q</u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> p →
r , jadi kesimpulannya adalah " <b>Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka rawan terjadi bencana
alam </b>",<b> <i>jawaban : C.</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
2. Perhatikan premis-premis berikut !</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Premis 1 : kita tidak menjaga kebersihan lingkungan atau tidak ada sarang
nyamuk.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Premis 2 : Jika tidak ada sarang nyamuk maka ada tidak korban demam berdarah </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;">
Kesimpulan dari premis-premis tersebut adalah....</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika tidak ada sarang nyamuk maka ada korban demam
berdarah.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika aada sarang nyamuk maka ada korban demam berdarah</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika kita menjaga kebersihan lingkungan maka ada korban
demam berdarah</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Kita menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan ada korban demam
berdarah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
E. Jika
kita menjaga kebersihan lingkungan maka tidak ada korban demam berdarah. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
pembahasan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Soal di atas bentuk silogisme yang premis 1- nya memuat ekuivalen atau kesetaraan,yaitu ; </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
p → q ≈ ~ p v q, sehingga kalimat " kita tidak menjaga kebersihan lingkungan atau tidak ada sarang
nyamuk " ekuivalen dengan kalimat " jika kita menjaga kebersihan lingkungan maka tidak ada sarang
nyamuk ". Dengan demikian pola dari soal di atas adalah ;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
p 1 : ~ p v q</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>p 2 : q → r </u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> p →
r , jadi kesimpulannya adalah, <b>" Jika
kita menjaga kebersihan lingkungan maka tidak ada korban demam berdarah ",<i>jawaban : E.</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
II. Diberikan beberapa premis bentuk modus tollens siswa dapat Menentukan penarikan kesimpulan dari beberapa premis.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Contoh Soal : </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Perhatikan premis-premis berikut !</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
P 1 : Jika ia dermawan maka ia disenangi masyarakat.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
P 2 : Ia tidak disenangi masyarakat.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kesimpulan yang sah dari premis-premis tersebut adalah....</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A. Ia tidak dermawan</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
B. Ia dermawan tetapi tidak disenangi masyarakat.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
C. Ia tidak dermawan dan tidak disenangi masyarakat</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
D. Ia dermawan</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
E. Ia tidak dermawan tetapi tidak disenangi masyarakat.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pembahasan : </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Soal di atas bentuk modus tollens,dengan demikian polanya adalah ;</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
p 1 : p → q</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u>p 2 : ~ q</u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"></span> ~ p , jadi kesimpulannya adalah " <b>Ia tidak dermawan " </b>, <b><i>jawaban : A</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><i><b>Indikator</b></i> : Menentukan ingkaran atau kesetaraan dari pernyataan majemuk atau pernyataan berkuantor. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<i><b>Indikator soal :</b></i><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
1. Diberikan pernyataan majemuk bentuk implikasi siswa dapat Menentukan ingkaran dari pernyataan majemuk</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Contoh Soal:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ingkaran dari pernyataan " jika upah buruh naik,maka harga barang naik ", adalah ....</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A. Jika upah buruh tidak naik maka harga barang naik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
B. Jika harga barang naik,maka upah buruh naik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
C. Upah buruh naik dan harga barang tidak naik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
D. Upah buruh naik atau harga barang naik</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
E. Harga barang naik jika dan hanya jika upah buruh naik.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pembahasan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
ingkaran / negasi dari suatu implikasi p → q ≈ p <span style="font-family: Symbol;">^ </span>~ q,ingat ! ingkaran dari suatu implikasi bukan merupakan suatu implikasi,jadi sudah tidak ada jika ....maka....,sehingga ingkaran dari pernyataan majemuk pada soal di atas adalah <b>" Upah buruh naik dan harga barang tidak naik ",<i>jawaban : C</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
2. <b><i> </i></b>Diberikan pernyataan majemuk bentuk implikasi yang mengandung pernyataan berkuantor siswa dapat Menentukan ingkaran dari pernyataan majemuk.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Contoh Soal:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Negasi dari pernyataan " Jika waktu istirahat tiba,maka semua peserta meninggalkan ruangan " adalah ....</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A. Jika ada peserta meninggalkan ruangan maka waktu istirahat tiba.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
B. Jika ada peserta yang tidak meninggalkan ruangan maka waktu istirahat tiba.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
C. Tidak ada peserta yang tidak meninggalkan ruangan dan waktu istirahat tiba.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
D. Waktu istirahat tiba dan ada peserta yang tidak meninggalkan ruangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
E. Waktu istirahat tiba dan semua peserta meninggalkan ruangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pembahasan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
ingkaran / negasi dari suatu implikasi p → q ≈ p <span style="font-family: Symbol;">^ </span>~ q,ingat
! ingkaran dari suatu implikasi bukan merupakan suatu implikasi,jadi
sudah tidak ada jika ....maka....,dan ingkaran dari pernytaan berkuantor universal adalah pernyataan berkuantor eksistensial yaitu :
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
~ <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="9" /></span> (x ) p(x) = <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;"><img height="20" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="9" /></span>(x) ~ p(x) begitupun sebaliknya sehingga ingkaran dari pernyataan
majemuk pada soal di atas adalah <b>"Waktu istirahat tiba dan ada peserta yang tidak meninggalkan ruangan</b>.<b> ",<i>jawaban :D</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
3. Diberikan pernyataan berkuantor siswa dapat Menentukan ingkaran dari pernyataan berkuantor.</div>
Contoh Soal:<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Ingkaran pernyataan “Bebarapa
peserta Ebtanas membawa kalkulator” adalah.... </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="IN"></span></u></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Beberapa peserta EBTANAS tidak
membawa kalkulator.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Bukan peserta EBTANAS membawa
kalkulator</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Semua peserta EBTANAS membawa
kalkulator</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Semua peserta EBTANAS tidak membawa
kalkulator</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt;">Tiada peserta EBTANAS tidak membawa
kalkulator</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-50982431131792845282012-01-02T06:32:00.000-08:002012-01-02T07:12:09.654-08:00LOGIKA MATEMATIKAAssalamu Alaikum Wr.Wb.Mohon maaf topik pertama dari materi Ujian Nasional baru malam ini saya posting,tidak sesuai jadwal yang seperti saya janjikan disebabkan karena kesulitan dalam koneksi ke internet,moga saja tidak telat.OK,pada edisi kali ini saya akan menguraikan tentang <i><b>"LOGIKA MATEMATIKA ".</b></i>Dalam Kisi - kisi UN Tahun 2012 Matematika SMA baik IPA maupun IPS,indikatornya adalah <br />
<a name='more'></a>" menentukan penarikan kesimpulan dari beberapa premis dan Menentukan ingkaran atau kesetaraan dari pernyataan majemuk atau pernyataan berkuantor ".<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>PENARIKAN KESIMPULAN.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Dalam penarikan suatu kesimpulan / konklusi diperlukan beberapa
pernyataan/premis.Apabila premis-premisnya bernilai benar,maka
kesimpulannya juga bernilai benar.Atau
dengan kata lain proses penarikan kesimpulannya bernilai dikatakan sah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Modus Ponens</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
P → q
(B)……Premis 1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u>P (B)…..Premis 2</u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>
q (B)…..Kesimpulan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Modus ponen merupakan penarikan kesimpulan yang sah sebab pernyataan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
[ ( p → q) Λ
p ] →
q merupakan tautology.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Modus Tolens</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
P → q
(B) … Premis 1</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u> ~ q
(B) … Premis 2</u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>
~ p (B) … kesimpulan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Modus tollens merupakan penarikan kesimpulan yang sah sebab pernyataan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
[ ( p → q
) <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>~
q ] → ~
p merupakn tautology</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Silogisme </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
P → q
(B) … Premis 1</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u>q →
r ( B )…premis 2</u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>
p → r
(B) …kesimpulan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Silogisme merupakan penarikan kesimpulan yang sebab pernyataan </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
[( P → q
) Λ
( q→ r ) →( p
→ r ) merupakan tautology.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Contoh Soal</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>UN 2004 SMK (TEKNIK PERTANIAN)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Premis 1 : jika ia seorang yang kaya maka ia berpenghasilan banyak</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Premis 2 : ia berpenhasilan sedikit</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Kesimpulan yang dari peroleh dari kedua premis itu adalah…..</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ia seorang kayai</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ia seorang yang tidak kaya</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ia seorang dermawan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ia tidak berpenghasilan banyak</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Ia bukan seorang yang miskin.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Pembahasan
:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Misalkan
: p
: jika ia seorang yang kaya maka
ia berpenghasilan banyak</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt;">
q : ia
berpenhasilan sedikit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 108.0pt;">
~
q : ia berpenghasilan sedikit</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Argumentasi
: p
→ q</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u> ~ q</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>
~ p</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jadi,kesimpulannya
adalah ia seorang yang tidak kaya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>UAN 2003</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Diktahui premis-premis berikut ini.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika Budi lulus ujian ,maka Budi kuliah
di perguruan tinggi</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Jika Budi kuliah di perguruan tinggi,
maka Budi menjadi sarjana</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Budi tidak menjadi sarjana</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 90.0pt;">
Kesimpulan yang sah
dari ketiga premis diatas adalah….</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Budi kuliah di perguruan tinggi</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Nilai Budi tida baik</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Budi tidak mempunyai biaya<span id="goog_727165815"></span><span id="goog_727165816"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Budi tidak lulus ujian</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 126.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Budi bekerja disuatu perusahaan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
Pembahasan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
Misalnya p
: budi lulus ujian</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
q : Budi kuliah diperguruan tinggi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
r :
Budi menjadi sarjana<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
Argumentasi: p → q</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
q → r</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<u>~ r</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 4.5pt;">
</span>
? <br />
P → q <u> </u><br />
<u> q → r </u><br />
p → r <u> </u><br />
<u> ~
r</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> </span>~ p </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72.0pt;">
Jadi,kesimpulan yang
sah dari ketiga premis diatas adalah Budi tidak lulus ujian.<br />
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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
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<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 31.35pt;" valign="top" width="42">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NO.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 99.9pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">INDIKATOR
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 108.2pt;" valign="top" width="144">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">INDIKATOR
SOAL</span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 283.35pt;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">CONTOH
SOAL</span></div>
</td>
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: black black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyelesaian</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 31.35pt;" valign="top" width="42">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 99.9pt;" valign="top" width="133">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menentukan penarikan kesimpulan dari beberapa premis. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Selanjutnya
…..</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 108.2pt;" valign="top" width="144">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Diberikan
beberapa premis bentuk silogisma yang memuat kontraposisi suatu
implikasi,siswa dapat <span style="color: black;">Menentukan penarikan
kesimpulan dari beberapa premis. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 283.35pt;" valign="top" width="378">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Perhatikan premis-premis berikut !</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt;">
Premis 1 : Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan menjadi rusak.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt;">
Premis 2 : Jika tidak rawan terjadi terjadi bencana alam,maka hutan
tidak menjadi rusak.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 18pt;">
Kesimpulan dari premis-premis tersebut adalah....</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Terjadi pembalakan liar</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rawan terjadi bencana alam</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka rawan terjadi bencana
alam.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jika terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan tidak jadi
rusak</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jika tidak terjadi pembalakan liar maka hutan tidak
rusak.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: left; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">P1
: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P → q</span></div>
<div style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: medium none; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">P2 : ~ r →~ q ≈ q → r</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">\</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P → r</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jadi,kesimpulannya
Jika terjadi pembalakan liar,maka tidak rawan terjadi bencana alam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;">
</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<br />
II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>NEGASI DARI
PERNYATAAN MAJEMUK.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Negasi suatu konjungsi p Λ q adalah ~ p v
~ q ,atau dapat ditulis : <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 72pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% lime;"></span>~
( p Λ q ) ≈ ~ p v ~ q </div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Negasi
suatu disjungsi p v q adalah ~ p
Λ ~ q, atau dapat ditulis :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
~ ( p v q ) ≈ ~ p Λ ~ q</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Negasi dari suatu implikasi p → q adalah p Λ ~ q,atau dapat ditulis :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
~ ( p → q ) ≈ p
Λ ~ q</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Negasi dari suatu biimplikasi adalah ( p Λ
~ q ) v ( q Λ ~ p ),atau ditulis :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
~ ( p ↔ q ) ≈ ( p Λ ~ q ) v ( q
Λ ~ p ).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
III.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Negasi dari Pernyataan Berkuantor.</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Kuantor
Eksistensial</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: left;">
Dinotasikan dengan <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 2.5pt;">
</span>,contohnya ada,beberapa,terdapat,atau
sekurang-kurangnya satu.Ingkaran dari pernyataan berkuantor eksistensial “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ada
atau terdapat p” </i>adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">semua ~ p.</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Misalkan p :
ada laki-laki yang tidak berkumis.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Maka ~ p : semua laki-laki berkumis.</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 90.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Kuantor universal</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Dinotasikan dengan <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; position: relative; top: 2.5pt;">
</span> ,contohnya
;semua,setiap,untuk tiap-tiap seluruh,tanpa kecuali.Ingkaran dari pernyataan
berkuantor universal “ semua p “ adalah “ada </div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: left;">
~ p”.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Misalkan p :
semua orang asing berkulit putih</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Maka ~ p : ada orang asing yang tidak berkulit putih.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Contoh soal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
UMPTN 1991</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Ingkaran dari pernyataan majemuk “Jika guru tidak hadir semua siswa
bersukaria adalah ….</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Guru hadir dan semua siswa tidak bersukaria</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Guru hadir dan ada beberapa siswa bersukaria</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Guru hadir dan semua siswa bersukaria</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Guru tidak
hadir dan ada beberapa siswa
tidak bersukaria</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span>Guru
tidak hadir dan semua siswa
tidakbersukaria</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Pembahasan ;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Misalnya
p : guru tidak hadir</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
q : semua siswa bersukaria</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
~
q : ada beberapa siswa tidak bersukaria</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
~
( p → q ) ≈ p Λ ~ q : guru tidak hadir dan ada beberapa siswa
tidak bersukaria</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 72pt;">
jawabannya D, </div>
<h1 align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt;">
<br /></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-2747354165510807572011-11-03T22:28:00.000-07:002011-11-07T20:24:23.105-08:00RPP XII IPA Semester I Berbasis Karakter dan TIKRPP ini masih jauh dari<br />
<a name='more'></a>kesempurnaan,KRITIK DAN SARAN sangat kami harapkan demi kesmpurnaan penyusunan RPP ini,silahkan meninggalkan komentar dan bagi yang ingin mendownload silahkan <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/17164392/RPPdikarXIIIAsem1.docx.html">Klik disini</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-62537232324465116452011-10-09T06:48:00.000-07:002011-11-03T19:26:18.799-07:00BANK SOAL UAN SMA IPA<br />
<div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;">
</div>
<div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">
<br /></div>
<br />
Assalamu 'Alaikum ,Wr.Wb.Bagi teman - teman yang lagi mencari Soal - soal UAN SMA Jurusan IPA berikut ini kami cantumkan Kumpulan soal - soal UAN SMA IPA dari tahun 1988 - 2010.Selamat Berlatih,Semoga SUKSES<br />
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<br />
<span style="background-color: white;"></span>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-87781441030887200312011-10-05T06:36:00.000-07:002011-10-05T06:43:23.484-07:00PROFIL ALGEBRA CLUBBelajar matematika jadi mudah?pengen mengembangkan potensi diri?gabung yuk di algebra club.<br />
Lihat profilnya <a href="http://www.ziddu.com/download/16674680/ProfilAlgebraClub.ppt.html">DISINI</a>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-61940447013406090462011-09-13T23:53:00.000-07:002011-09-14T00:00:36.594-07:00PTK,(latihan)<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Menggunakan </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Media Pembelajaran Berbasis TIK </i></span></b></div><a name='more'></a><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Software Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator Siswa Kelas XII IPS<sub>1</sub> SMA N 5 Kendari”.</i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Latar Belakang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemajuan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) telah membawa perubahan pesat dalam kehidupan manusia. Pekerjaan yang dikerjakan oleh manusia secara manual bisa digantikan oleh mesin. Informasi dan komunikasi dapat diakses dengan mudah dan cepat sesuai kebutuhan. Dengan demikian kemajuan IPTEK telah mempengaruhi semua ruang lingkup kehidupan termasuk juga dalam dunia pendidikan pada umumnya dan proses pembelajaran pada khususnya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pendidikan adalah kegiatan membimbing anak manusia menuju pada kedewasaan dan kemandirian. Dalam pendidikan terdapat proses pembelajaran baik oleh siswa maupun oleh guru. Kegiatan belajar menimbulkan terbentuknya kebiasaan yang berupa tingkah laku yang semakin terampil dan efisien. Kegiatan belajar ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh perubahan tingkah laku yang lebih baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika, sering ditemui kesulitan siswa.Hal ini dikarenakan para siswa menganggap pelajaran matmatika itu sulit dan membosankan. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan siswa sering merasa bosan dan tidak memahami materi pelajaran adalah penyampain materi pelajaran yang kurang menarik dan kurangnya komunikatif antara guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Untuk itu perlu dicari solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Guru adalah pengajar yang menjadi fokus dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Karena peranannya sangat menentukan,guru harus mampu mentransfer pengetahuan yang dimilikinya kepada siswa secara menarik,sehingga sebagai perencana pengajaran guru diharapkan mampu merencanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar secara efektif. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat membuat pembelajaran matematika lebih menarik dan siswa dapat berperan aktif adalah dibuatnya suatu media pembelajaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Media dalam hal ini sangat penting untuk menarik siswa dalam belajar dan menjadikan siswa lebih antusias dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Ada berbagai media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar, salah satunya yaitu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Informasi adalah data yang telah diolah menjadi bentuk yang mempunyai arti dan bermanfaat bagi manusia. Sedangkan komunikasi adalah penyampaian pikiran oleh seseorang kepada orang lain melalui media. Media yang berbasis teknologi dan informasi ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi kesulitan yang dialami siswa.Salah satu manfaat komputer bagi guru adalah dapat dipergunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam menyiapkan bahan ajar maupun dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu sudah semestinya para guru mengetahui manfaat komputer dalam proses pembelajaran dan mampu menggunakannya dalam proses pembelajaran tersebut. Dengan kemajuan teknologi diharapkan guru dapat membuat suatu media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) untuk dapat dipergunakan oleh siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah maupun diluar sekolah secara mandiri.Media ini diharapkan dapat mewakili peranan guru sehingga siswa dapat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">belajar dan memperoleh informasi dan dapat berkomunikasi secara tidak langsung dengan materi yang dipelajarinya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Salah satu software yang digunakan untuk membuat media pembelajaran adalah program <i>Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator</i>. Program ini dapat menampilkan informasi yang berupa tulisan, gambar-gambar, animasi,suara serta siswa dapat meanguji kompetensinya sehingga dapat berkomunikasi secara tidak langsung dalam proses pembelajaran yang menjadikan mereka lebih antusias dalam mengikuti pelajaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari latar belakang tersebut diatas, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis TIK Software Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator Siswa Kelas XII IPS<sub>1</sub> SMA N 5 Kendari”.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah dan Cara Pemecahan Masalah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumusan Masalah. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan latar belakang,adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Apakah tindakan guru dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Software Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator</i> dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XII IPS<sub>1</sub> SMAN 5 Kendari ?”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cara Pemecahan Masalah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemecahan masalah dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK yaitu software <i>Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator </i>dalam setiap pembelajaran.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Penelitian.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan rumusan masalah,maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Meningkatkan Hasil belajar matematika dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK yaitu <i>Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Qreator </i>pada di kelas XII IPS<sub>1</sub> SMAN 5 Kendari.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manfaat Penelitian.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai bahan informasi bagi siswa dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai bahan informasi bagi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK yaitu software <i>Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator </i>dalam pembelajaran.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai masukan empiric bagi sekolah untuk memulai menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK dalam proses pembelajaran sebagai salah satu alternative meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">KAJIAN PUSTAKA</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian Teori</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Belajar.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Belajar merupakan kegiatan berproses dan merupakan unsur yang sangat fundamental dalam setiap jenjang pendidikan. Dalam keseluruhan proses pendidikan, kegiatan belajar merupakan kegiatan yang paling pokok dan penting dalam keseluruhan proses pendidikan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Belajar merupakan kegiatan bagi setiap orang. Pengetahuan keterampilan, kebiasaan, kegemaran dan sikap seseorang terbentuk, dimodifikasi dan berkembang disebabkan belajar. Seseorang dikatakan belajar, bila dapat diasumsikan bahwa dalam diri orang itu terjadi suatu proses kegiatan yang mengakibatkan suatu perubahan tingkah laku. Menurut Gagne dalam Whandi (2007) belajar didefinisikan sebagai suatu proses dimana suatu organisme berubah perilakunya akibat suatu pengalaman (</span><a href="http://www.whandi.net/"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.whandi.net</span></a><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">).</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Slameto (1995: 2) menyatakan belajar adalah suatu proses usaha yang dilakukan seseorang untuk memperoleh suatu perubahan tingkah laku yang baru secara keseluruhan, sebagai hasil pengalamannya sendiri dalam interaksi dengan lingkungannya. Ahmadi dan Supriyono (1991: 120) mengatakan belajar adalah perubahan tingkah laku (dalam arti luas) ditimbulkan atau diubah melalui praktek atau latihan.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa belajar merupakan kegiatan atau proses pengembangan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang dapat merubah tingkah laku secara keseluruhan yang pada akhirnya dapat menjadi suatu kebiasaan dan kegemaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hasil Belajar</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in;">Hasil dari suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan sungguh-sungguh dengan tujuan untuk mencapai suatu perubahan disebut dengan belajar. Akan tetapi bagi siswa yang diinginkan dalam kegiatan belajar bukan hanya perubahan dalam dirinya yang dapat dilihat dari aspek prilakunya tetapi juga senantiasa berusaha untuk memperoleh hasil atau prestasi belajar yang lebih baik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Prestasi belajar merupakan salah satu ukuran mengenai tingkat keberhasilan siswa setelah mengalami proses belajar yang menghasilkan suatu perubahan dalam bentuk nilai serta sikap. Adapun perubahan itu tampak dalam prestasi belajar yang dilakukan terhadap persoalan <span style="color: black;">yang</span><span style="color: red;"> </span>diberikan oleh guru. Sehubungan dengan itu Adinegoro (1970: 3) menyatakan bahwa prestasi belajar adalah suatu indikator dari perubahan-perubahan dalam bidang pengetahuan, keterampilan, nilai dan sikap. Sedangkan adanya perubahan itu tampak dalam prestasi yang dihasilkan oleh siswa terhadap pertanyaan dan sikap yang diberikan oleh guru.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pendapat lain terhadap prestasi belajar dikemukakan oleh Nasution (1990: 21) menyatakan bahwa prestasi belajar adalah hasil belajar dari individu tumpangsari berinteraksi secara aktif dan positif dengan lingkungannya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam hal belajar mengajar matematika, perlu diketahui karakteristik matematika. Dengan mengetahui karakteristik matematika, maka sebenarnya dapat pula diketahui bagaimana belajar dan mengajar matematika. Karakteristik matematika yang dimaksud antara lain: (1) obyek matematika bersifat abstrak; (2) materi matematika disusun secara hirarkis (Hudoyo, 1990: 5).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Karena obyek matematika bersifat abstrak, maka dalam belajar matematika memerlukan daya nalar tinggi. Sehubungan dengan ini Hudoyo (1990: 30) menyatakan bahwa matematika itu merupakan kegiatan mental yang tinggi. Demikian pula dengan mengajar matematika guru harus mampu mengabstraksikan obyek-obyek matematika dengan baik sehingga siswa dapat memahami obyek matematika yang diajarkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari uraian tentang prestasi belajar yang telah dikemukakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi belajar matematika adalah tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam menguasai bahan pelajaran matematika setelah memperoleh pengalaman belajar matematika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar matematika dapat diketahui dengan melakukan evaluasi dengan menggunakan alat ukur berupa tes. Prestasi belajar matematika biasanya ditunjukkan dalam bentuk angka yang mencerminkan seberapa jauh tujuan instruksional yang disusun sebelumnya mampu dicapai oleh siswa setelah mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar matematika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi belajar matematika adalah suatu indikator tingkat perbuatan yang telah dicapai oleh individu setelah melakukan kegiatan belajar dengan penilaian yang didasarkan pada standar tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penggunaan TIK sebagai media Pembelajaran</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemanfaatan TIK dalam bidang pendidikan, termasuk pendidikan bahasa ( Indonesia maupun asing ), merupakan respons positif terhadap perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi pada abad millennium ketiga. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan TIK dalam menunjang pembelajaran bahasa merupakan suatu keharusan, bukan hanya untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan kualitas pembelajaran, tetapi yang lebih penting adalah untuk meningkatkan penguasaan TIK baik bagi guru maupun siswa sebagai bekal hidup di era teknologi yang terus berubah dan berkembang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam konteks pembelajaran matematika, penggunaan media TIK, termasuk teknologi multimedia, dapat meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pembelajaran, yang diharapkan dapat memberikan kepuasan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">public</i> dengan memberikan layanan yang prima dengan hasil sesuai dengan standard dan tujuan yang diharapkan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara etimologis “Teknologi” berakar dari istilah “techno” yang berarti tehnik, seni atau ketrampilan, dan “logos” berarti ilmu. Jadi makna teknologi adalah ilmu tentang seni atau ketrampilan. Zen (dalam Effendy 2003 : 399 ) menjelaskan bahwa teknologi mencakup sains atau ilmu pengetahuan serta <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">engineering </i> atau teknik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Levis ( 1996 : 6 ) memberikan pengertian komunikasi sebagai “proses” interaksi antara komunikator dan komunikan. Sedangkan Hubley (1993: 45 ) menyatakan bahwa “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">communication involves the transfer between people of information including ideas, emotions, knowledge and skills”.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Terkait dengan pengertian komunikasi, Effendi ( 1986 : 3 ) memberikan pengertian komunikasi dari dua segi, yaitu dari segi etimologis, dan terminologis. Secara etimologis, istilah komunikasi berasal dari bahasa Latin <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">communication</i>, dan istilah ini juga bersumber dari kata <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">communis</i> yang artinya sama, dalam arti kata sama makna mengenai suatu hal. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian, apabila komunikan mengerti apa yang dikomunikasikan oleh komunikator, berarti komunikasi telah berlangsung dengan efektif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara terminologis, “komunikasi” berarti proses penyampaian suatu pesan atau pernyataan oleh seseorang kepada orang lain. Teknologi komunikasi mempunyai pengertian bahwa semua perangkat keras/fisik ( hardware ) dn perangkat lunak (software) yang menghubungkan berbagai bagian dari perangkat keras yang mentransfer data dari lokasi fisik yang satu (komuniator) ke lokasi fisik lain (komunikan) (Loudon 1995 : 12 ).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi ( TIK ) secara umum diartikan sebagai teknologi yang memiliki fungsi penunjang proses penyampaian informasi dan komunikasi. Sejalan dengan berkembangnya teknologi, TIK dengan dukungan sistem dan jaringan (network) computer memungkinkan manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan melihat fisik maupun mendengar suara secara langsung meskipun pihak-pihak yang berkomunikasi berada ditempat yang berbeda.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Seperti yang dikemukakan Hartoyo dalam makalah (Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komnikasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia);(2009), bahwa teknologi dan informasi (TIK) secara umum diartikan sebagai teknologi yang memiliki fungsi penunjang proses penyampaian informasi dan komunikasi. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan TIK yang sedemikian pesat telah berpengaruh terhadap aplikasi computer dalam penunjang pembelajaran bahasa, yang sering dikenal dengan istilah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Computer-Assisted Language Leraning </i>(CALL). Komputer sebagai media digunakan untuk membantu pembelajar dalam pembelajaran, seperti halnya pembelajaran matematika.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Faktor-faktor penunjang pemanfaatan media TIK dalam pembelajaran seperti:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingginya motivasi warga sekolah yang ingin maju dan ingin selalu mengikuti perkembangan IPTEK terutama TIK,</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dukungan yang tinggi dari seluruh warga sekolah, termasuk komite sekolah, serta pemerintah daerah untuk mewujudkan ketersediaan media TIK yang memadai di sekolah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tersedianya aliran arus listrik yang memadai hampir di seluruh sekolah, meskipun ada beberapa daerah yang belum mendapat aliran listrik dan masih menggunakan generator sebagai pembangkit listrik,</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tersedianya buku penunjang penggunaan media TIK dalam pembelajaran, walaupun masih terbatas jumlahnya, </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tersedianya jaringan internet, terutama di sekolah-sekolah yang sudah mandiri di perkotaan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor-faktor penghambat (kendala) yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan media TIK dalam menunjang pembelajaran antara lain sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara keseluruhan, jumlah media TIK yang tersedia di sekolah masih terbatas;</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Masih banyak guru yang gagap teknologi dan belum mampu betul mengoprasikan media TIK yang tersedia di sekolah;</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Masih kurangnya pelatihan-pelatihan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan TIK</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Di beberapa daerah tertentu arus listrik padam atau berubah-ubah (naik turun voltasenya)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">(Hartoyo dalam makalah Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia; 2009)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Software <i>Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Qreator</i></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft PowerPoint</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau Microsoft Office PowerPoint adalah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_komputer" title="Program komputer"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">program</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">komputer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentasi" title="Presentasi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">presentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dikembangkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> di dalam paket aplikasi kantoran mereka, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Office</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Word</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Excel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Access" title="Microsoft Access"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Access</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan beberapa program lainnya. PowerPoint berjalan di atas komputer </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_pribadi" title="Komputer pribadi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PC</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> berbasis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem operasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Windows</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan juga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" title="Apple Macintosh"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple Macintosh</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menggunakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem operasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Computer" title="Apple Computer"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apple</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS" title="Mac OS"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mac OS</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, meskipun pada awalnya aplikasi ini berjalan di atas sistem operasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Xenix</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Aplikasi ini sangat banyak digunakan, apalagi oleh kalangan perkantoran dan pebisnis, para pendidik, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siswa" title="Siswa"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">siswa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Training&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Training (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">trainer</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dimulai pada versi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Office_System_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Microsoft Office System 2003 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Office System 2003</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, Microsoft mengganti nama dari sebelumnya Microsoft PowerPoint saja menjadi Microsoft Office PowerPoint. Versi terbaru dari PowerPoint adalah versi 12 (Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007), yang tergabung ke dalam paket </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Office_System_2007&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Microsoft Office System 2007 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Office System 2007</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aplikasi Microsoft PowerPoint ini pertama kali dikembangkan oleh Bob Gaskins dan Dennis Austin sebagai Presenter untuk perusahaan bernama Forethought, Inc yang kemudian mereka ubah namanya menjadi PowerPoint.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" title="1987"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1987</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, PowerPoint versi 1.0 dirilis, dan komputer yang didukungnya adalah Apple Macintosh. PowerPoint kala itu masih menggunakan warna hitam/putih, yang mampu membuat halaman teks dan grafik untuk transparansi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Overhead_projector&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Overhead projector (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">overhead projector</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> (OHP). Setahun kemudian, versi baru dari PowerPoint muncul dengan dukungan warna, setelah Macintosh berwarna muncul ke pasaran.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft pun mengakuisisi Forethought, Inc dan tentu saja perangkat lunak PowerPoint dengan harga kira-kira 14 Juta dolar pada tanggal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_Juli" title="31 Juli"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">31 Juli</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987" title="1987"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1987</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1990</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, versi Microsoft Windows dari PowerPoint (versi 2.0) muncul ke pasaran, mengikuti jejak </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_3.x" title="Windows 3.x"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Microsoft Windows 3.0</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sejak tahun 1990, PowerPoint telah menjadi bagian standar yang tidak terpisahkan dalam paket aplikasi kantoran Microsoft Office System (kecuali Basic Edition).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengingat Microsoft PowerPoint merupakan program yang sangat populer, banyak aplikasi yang juga mendukung struktur data dari Microsoft PowerPoint, seperti halnya OpenOffice.org. OpenOffice.org Impress|Impress dan Apple Keynote. Hal ini menjadikan program-program tersebut dapat juga digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk PowerPoint, karena selain tentunya dapat membuka format PowerPoint, aplikasi-aplikasi tersebut tentunya memiliki fitur-fitur yang tidak dimiliki oleh PowerPoint.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Rusell (PowerPoint is a presentation software program that is part of the Microsoft Office package.PowerPoint uses a graphical approach to presentations in the form of </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/s/g/slide_show.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">slide shows</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> that accompany the oral delivery of the topic. This program is widely used in </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/powerpointinbusiness/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">business</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> and </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/classrooms/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">classrooms</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> and is an effective tool when used for training purposes. PowerPoint is one of the simplest computer programs to learn. It is the number 1 program used worldwide for presentations. Anyone can create stunning presentations that look like they were designed by a professional. PowerPoint presentations can be made into </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/powerpoint101/ss/photo_album.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">photo albums</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, complete with </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/nextstepsinpowerpoint/ss/sound.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">music or narrations</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, to distribute on CDs or DVDs. If you are in the sales field, it involves just a few simple clicks to add an </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/powerpoint101/ss/slide_types_9.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">illustrative chart of data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> or an organizational chart of your company's structure. Make your presentation into a </span><a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/nextstepsinpowerpoint/ss/save_as_webpage.htm"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">web page</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> for emailing purposes or as a promotion displayed on your company's website.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">It is easy to <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/powerpointadvanced/ss/master_slide.htm">customize presentations</a> with your company logo and to dazzle your audience by using one of the many <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/d/g/design_template.htm">design templates</a> that come with the programs. Many more free <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/templatesaddins/">add-ins and templates</a> are available online from Microsoft and a host of other websites. In addition to an on screen slide show, PowerPoint has <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/printinginpowerpoint/index.htm">printing options</a> that allow the presenter to provide <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/nextstepsinpowerpoint/ss/ppt_printing_4.htm">handouts</a> and <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/nextstepsinpowerpoint/ss/ppt_printing_8.htm">outlines</a> for the audience as well as <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/nextstepsinpowerpoint/ss/ppt_printing_7.htm">notes pages</a> for the speaker to refer to during the presentation.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">All in all, PowerPoint is a "one-stop-shop" to <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/powerpointinbusiness/tp/bus_pres_tips.htm">create successful presentations</a> for the business world, the <a href="http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/classrooms/tp/student_tips.htm">classroom</a> or just for your own personal use.</div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> Dari uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa <i>Microsoft Powerpoint</i> merupakan software program computer yang merupakan bagian dari Microsoft pockage yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu pendekatan slide shows pada suatu perusahaan/lembaga yang pmempresentasikan suatu topik.powerpoin biasanya digunakan untuk bisnis dan di dalam kelas.Sehingga bagi guru Microsoft power point efektif untuk digunakan dalam mempresentasikan pelajaran dalam kelas. </div><div style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> Naufal (2010) dalam artikelnya menjelaskan bahwa <i>Quiz Creator </i> merupakan software presentasi atau program aplikasi yang digunakan untuk membuat alat penilaian. Untuk membuat multimedia pembelajaran interaktif selain menggunakan Adobe Flash adalah menggunakan Wondershare Quiz Creator. Selain mudah dalam penggunaannya dan mudah dipelajari juga sudah menyediakan tampilan yang sudah bagus. Saat pertama mejalankan program Quiz Creator akan muncul jendela pilihan seperti berikut</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_01-Jul.-26-15.37.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%;">Kemudian pilih create a new quiz. Sebelum membuat soal, perlu mengatur properti untuk soal yang akan dibuat diantaranya mengatur quiz information, quiz setting dan quis result. a. Mengatur Quiz information :<br />
1. Pilih Quiz Properties<br />
2. Ketikkan nama untuk soal yang dibuat (misal Latihan)<br />
3. Ketikkan pengantar untuk halaman awal soal.</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_02-Jul.-26-15.44.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a><br />
selanjutnya Mengatur Quiz Settings :<br />
1. Pilih Quiz Setting<br />
2. Masukkan nilai batas kelulusan<br />
3. Beri tanda centang pada Time Limit apabila soal diberi batasan waktu untuk menjawab<br />
4. Beri tanda centang pada Enable randomization apabila soal akan dimunculkan secara random<br />
5. Aktifkan apabila hasil setiap soal akan dimunculkan saat dijawab</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_03-Jul.-26-15.57.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%;">Selanjutnya adalah Mengatur Quiz Result :<br />
1. Pilih Quiz Result<br />
2. Ketikkan respon untuk hasil lulus/berhasil<br />
3. Ketikkan respon untuk hasil belum lulus/belum berhasil<br />
4. pilih OK Gambar</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_04-Jul.-26-15.59.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%;">kemudian berikut Langkah-langkah untuk Memilih Template :<br />
1. Pilih ikon Player Template<br />
2. Pilih tamplate yang akan digunakan<br />
3. Pilih ikon Text&Label<br />
4. Ubah istilah-istilah yang akan digunakan kedalam bahasa Indonesia atau yang lain.<br />
Misal Enter the Password menjadi Masukkan Kata Kunci.<br />
5. Pilih Save. Beri nama sesuai bahasa yang dipakai.<br />
6. Pilih Indonesia (atau yang lainnya) pada kolom Language<br />
7. Pilih OK<br />
8. Tutup jendela Player Template.</div><div style="line-height: 150%;"><a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_05-Jul.-26-16.02.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></div><div style="line-height: 150%;">Tampilan Menu Quiz Template Wondershare Gambar<br />
<a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_07-Jul.-26-16.03.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a><br />
Tampilan Menu Quiz Text dan Label Wondershare<br />
Setelah selesai mengatur properti selanjutnya pembuatan soal dapat dimulai.<br />
Langkah –langkah Memilih tipe soal (Benar-Salah)<br />
1. Pilih ikon Question<br />
2. Pilih True/False (untuk tipe soal bebas pilihannya)<br />
3. Ketikkan Soalnya<br />
4. Pilih jawaban yang benar (akan muncul tanda contreng)<br />
5. pilih New Question apa bila ingin menambahkan soal dengan tipe yang sama. Kemudian ulang dari langkah 1.<br />
6. Pilih OK Gambar<br />
<a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_08-Jul.-26-16.04.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a><br />
Setelah soal-soal selesai dibuat, untuk melihat hasilnya harus diprewiev. Langkah-langkah mempreview hasil kuis evaluasi<br />
1. Pilih ikon Prewiev<br />
2. Jendela prewiev akan muncul<br />
3. Pilih tombol ini (nama tombol sesuai dengan perubahan pada label) untuk menjalankan atau mengerjakan soal Soal-soal yang telah dibuat dapat dipublish dalam beberapa tipe, Tipe untuk web, tipe untuk PPT dan flash, tipe microsoft word atau excel, serta sebagai exe (aplikasi andiri).<br />
-Langkah-langkah mempublish quiz :<br />
1. Pilih ikon Publish<br />
2. Pilih Publish on My Computer<br />
3. Beri nama<br />
4. Tentukan format yang diinginkan<br />
5. Tentukan lokasi penyimpanan<br />
6. Pilih publish<br />
7. Pilih View the Quiz Gambar<br />
<a href="http://www.satudetik.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ScreenHunter_09-Jul.-26-16.24.gif"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></a></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hipotesis Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hipotesis penelitian yang akan diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> “ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adanya peningkatan</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis TIK Software Microsoft Powerpoint dan Quiz Creator Siswa Kelas XII IPS<sub>1</sub> SMA N 5 Kendari”.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PROSEDUR PENELITIAN</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setting Penelitian </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .75in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian ini direncanakan akan dilakukan pada tanggal 1 Oktober sampai tanggal 31 november 2011,semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2011 / 2012 di kelas XII IPS<sub>1 </sub>SMAN 5 Kendari pada 36 siswa yang terdiri dari 14 siswi dan 22 siswa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .75in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Variable Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="text-indent: .75in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk menjawab permasalahan yang telah dikemukakan di atas, ada beberapa faktor yang ingin diteliti. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.</span></div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Faktor Siswa; untuk melihat hasil belajar matematika</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Faktor Guru; yaitu untuk melihat bagaimana materi pelajaran disajikan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK Software Microsoft power point dan Quiz Creator.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rencana Tindakan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Rencana </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">tindakan kelas ini terbagi dalam 2 – 4 siklus. Tiap siklus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan perubahan yang ingin dicapai seperti apa yang telah didesain dalam faktor yang diselidiki. Untuk dapat mengetahui hasil belajar siswa sebelum diberikan tindakan, terlebih dahulu diberikan tes awal sebagai bahan acuan pada pembentukan kelompok dan untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Dari hasil observasi dan evaluasi awal maka pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini mengikuti prosedur berikut: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) observasi dan evaluasi, (4) refleksi.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Secara rinci prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas ini dijabarkan sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perencanaan; kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam tahap ini yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Membuat skenario pembelajaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Membuat lembar observasi untuk melihat bagaimana kondisi belajar mengajar di kelas ketika pembelajaran disajikan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK Software Microsoft power point dan Quiz Creator diaplikasikan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyiapkan alat bantu mengajar dalam hal ini media pembelajaran berbasis TIK Software Microsoft power point dan yang diperlukan dalam rangka membantu siswa memahami konsep-konsep matematika dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">d.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mendesain alat evaluasi yang menggunakan program Quiz Creator untuk melihat apakah materi matematika telah dikuasai siswa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">e.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyiapkan jurnal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pelaksanaan tindakan; kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam tahap ini adalah melaksanakan skenario pembelajaran yang telah dibuat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Observasi dan evaluasi; pada tahap ini dilaksanakan observasi terhadap pelaksanaan tindakan dan melakukan evaluasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Refleksi; hasil yang diperoleh pada tahap observasi dan evaluasi dikumpulkan serta dianalisis dalam tahap ini kelemahan-kelemahan atau kekurangan-kekurangan yang terjadi pada siklus akan diperbaiki pada siklus berikutnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Data dan cara pengumpulannya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sumber data dalam penelitian ini siswa dan guru.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jenis data; jenis data yang didapatkan adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif, melalui lembar observasi, tes hasil belajar dan jurnal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Teknik pengambilan data:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Data tentang proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis TIK Software Microsoft power point diambil dengan menggunakan lembar observasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list -207.0pt 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Data tentang prestasi belajar matematika siswa diambil dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar yang menggunakan program Quiz Creator</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list -207.0pt 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Data tentang refleksi diri diambil dengan menggunakan jurnal.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">E.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Indikator Kinerja</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sebagai indikator keberhasilah penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah minimal 75 % siswa telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar secara perorangan. Seseorang siswa dikatakan telah mencapai ketuntasan belajar secara perorangan apabila siswa tersebut telah memperoleh nilai minimal 6,0 (berdasarkan hasil laporan di sekolah).</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alur Penelitian .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Belum Terselesaikan</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">SIKLUS SELANJUTNYA</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><h3><span lang="IN">Observasi awal</span></h3><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Permasalahan</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Alternatif Pemecahan</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">(Rencana Tindakan)</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">I</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">Pelaksanaan Tindakan I</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Siklus</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">I</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">Refleksi I</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Analisis Data I</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Evaluasi</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Observasi I</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">Terselesaikan</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Belum</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Terselesaikan</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Alternatif Pemecahan</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">(Rencana Tindakan)</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">II</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoBodyText"><span lang="IN">Pelaksanaan Tindakan II</span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">Refleksi II</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Analisis Data II</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Evaluasi</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Observasi II</div></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td><div><div class="MsoNormal">Terselesaikan</div></div></td> </tr>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tim </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pelatihan Proyek PGSM dalam Karyanto (2006: 29).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">F.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tim peneliti dan tugasnya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Tim peneliti terdiri dari ;</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Wa Nini,S.Pd sebagai ketua</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level5 lfo10; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Andi Desy, S.Pd sebagai observer.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">G.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jadwal Penelitian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Penelitian ini direncanakan dilakukan mulai tanggal 1 Oktober sampai 31 November 2011 dalam 16 kali pertemuan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adinegoro. 1970,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ensiklopedi Umum Bhasa Indonesia,</i>Jakarta,Pedoman Ilmu Jaya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ahmadi,Abu dan Supriyono,Widodo.1991.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psikologi Belajar.</i>Jakarta Rineka Cipta</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hartoyo,2009.pemanfaatan TIK dalam pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Edi Lingua.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hudoyo,Herman,1990.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Strategi Mengajar Belajar Matematika.</i>Malang,IKIP</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nasution,1990.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Berbagai Pendekatan dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar .</i>Jakarta,Bumi Aksara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Naufal,2010.http ://www.satudetik.com.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Russell,Wendy,http ://prentationsoft.about.com</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Slameto ,1995.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">belajar dan factor - fantor yang mempengaruhinya.</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Wandi , http : //www.whandi.net</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7975576751948236721.post-72663560674760355812011-04-16T00:25:00.000-07:002011-05-01T01:09:55.222-07:00Mujahadatun Nafs<ul><li>Hakekat Nafs.........<a name='more'></a></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;"> An-nafsu adalah kodrat yang diberikan Allah SWT,kepada manusia yang hendaknya disalurkan sesuai dengan syariat.Hawa nafsu bukan untuk di bebaskan semuanya tapi untuk dikendalikan dan ditundukkan oleh akal dengan bimbingan ruh islam.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;"> An- nafsu didorong oleh anasir materil,misalnya makanan,daya tarik kepada lawan jenis,dll.Oleh karena itu untuk menundukkannya haruslah ditundukkan dengan anasir spiritual dalam hal ini,puasa shalat, zakat,dll.</span></span></div><br />
<ul><li><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;">Karakter Nafsu. Nafsu itu seperti bayi yang masi menyusui (<i>An-Nafsu Kaana Tiflun</i>),jika kita biarkan maka dia akan menyusui terus dan jika kita hentikan maka kita tidak akan tega melepaskannya. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;">Sebab Akibat dari Mujahadatun Nafs. Dalam Al Qur'an surat Al-Ankabut ; 69,Allah SWT berfirman yang artinya ; " <i>Dan orang-orang yang berjihad (melawan hawa nafsu) untuk mencari keridhoan kami ,benar-benar akan kami tunjukan kepada mereka jalan - jalan kami.Dan sesungguhnya Allah bersama orang-orang yang baik ". </i>Dari ayat ini ,bisa dipahami bahwa lahirnya hidayah adalah dampak dari mujahdatun nafs. Mujhadatun nafsu adalah upaya manusia,sedangkan hidayah adalah anugrah yang Allah berikan kepada manusia dan hal ini tidak akan terlaksana kecuali dengan bantuan dan pertolongan Allah. Oleh karena itu kita diajarkan agar dalam shalat senantiasa membaca "<i> iyyakana'budu wa iyya kanasta'iin" , " hanya kepada-Mu lah kami menyembah dan hanya kepada -Mu lah kami mohon pertolongan ". </i>Mujahadatun Nafsu adalah sarana untuk menggapai petunjuk hati manusia menuju Allah SWT dan keridhaan-Nya,dan hal ini adalah langkah awal menuju taqwa,sebagaimana dalam firman Allah QS.Muhammad : 17, yang artinya ;<i> " </i><i> </i><i> </i></span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;">Tahapan-tahapan dalam Mujahadatun Nafs. <i>Pertama,</i> Iman kepada Allah SWT,serta meyakini Muhammad SAW adalah utusan Allah SWT. Seorang apabila telah beriman kepada Allah SWT dan Rasul-Nya maka konsekuensi logisnya dia senantiasa melaksanakan apa yang menjadi perintah-Nya dan menjauhi segala larangan-Nya serta senantiasa menjadikan Rasulullah SAW, sebagai suri tauladan dalam menjalani kehidupan ini,juga senantiasa menjadikan Al-Qur'an sebagai pedoman hidup,sehingga Allah senantiasa memberikan petunjuk kepada hatinya,sebagaimana dalam firman Allah QS.At Taghabun ; 11,yang artinya ; "<i>barang siapa yang beriman kepada Allah niscaya Dia akan memberi petunjuk kepada hatinya ". Kedua,</i>Mengerjakan kewajiban prioritas. Tahapan kedua dari mujahadatun nafs adalah mengerjakan kewajiban-kewajiban prioritas misalnya shalat tepat waktu,puasa dan zakat dibulan ramadhan,haji,me- nikah,menyambung tali silaturahmi,dan berbakti kepada orang tua.Setelah itu mestinya juga senantiasa memperhatikan adab-adab dalam melakukan segala aktifitas dimanapun berada,Hal ini adalah masalah yang melengkapi kewajiban prioritas. <i> </i> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><span style="background-color: white;">Rukun/pilar-pilar dalam Mujahadatun Nafs.</span></span></li>
</ul>algebrahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08514216484883026020noreply@blogger.com0